CRAFT 'N' HOME
  • Home
  • Crafts
    • Card Making and Scrapbooking >
      • Age Themed Cards
      • Beaded Flower Card
      • Beaded Hand Baby Card
      • Cowboy / Cowgirl hat Card
      • Croaking Frog Card
      • Cup Cake Card
      • Digger Card for Kids
      • Dump Truck Card for Kids
      • Fairy Card
      • Floral Mother's Day Card
      • Numbered Birthday Card
      • Geometric Punch Cards
      • Glitter Flowers for Cards and Scrapbooking
      • Hands Father's Day Card
      • Happy Birthday Card
      • Horse Silhouette Card
      • Kite Card
      • Microbead Flower Embellishments
      • Mini Booklet from a piece of A4 paper
      • Mother's Day Colouring Card
      • Pair of Jeans Card
      • Quick Kids Birthday Cards
      • Recycling Cloth Books into Cards
      • Reversed Letter and Number Templates
      • Rising Hearts Mother's Day Card
      • Scrapbooking Papers
      • Silhouette Card
      • Stamping with Bleach
      • Torn Paper Flower Card
      • Trophy Fathers Day Card
      • Vintage Book Birthday Card
      • Vintage Picture Cards Gallery
      • Welcome Baby Girl Card
      • Woven Heart Cards
      • 40th Card
      • 50th Card
      • 80th Card
    • Christmas Crafts and Cards >
      • Ideas
      • Beaded Christmas Stars
      • Christmas Advent Calendar
      • Christmas cards with laser-cut embellishments
      • Christmas Tree Cards from Layered Paper
      • Embossed Christmas card
      • Gingerbread House
      • Holly Merry Christmas Cards
      • Joy of Christmas Card
      • Layered Christmas Scrapbooking Paper
      • Material Panel Christmas Cards
      • Ribbon Christmas Tree Ornaments
      • Ribbon Christmas Tree Ornament Packaging
      • Snowman Craft
      • UTEE on Christmas Cards
    • Easter Crafts >
      • Chalkboard Eggs
      • Decorated Foam Eggs
      • Doodle Eggs
      • Dying Eggs for Easter
      • Easy Chocolate Easter Eggs
      • Easter Basket Craft
      • Easter Bunny Surprise
      • Foil Easter Egg Craft
      • Glitter Eggs
    • Father's Day Crafts >
      • Father's Day Card "Appreciation"
      • Father's Day Medal Card
      • Hands Father's Day Card
      • Kite Card
      • Trophy Fathers Day Card
    • Mother's Day Crafts >
      • Bookmarks for Mum
      • Colouring Bookmarks for Mum
      • Dandelion Mother's Day Card
      • Floral Mother's Day Card
      • Heart Mother's Day Cards
      • Mother's Day Colouring Card
      • On Mother's Day with Love
      • Rising Hearts Mother's Day Card
      • Woven Heart Cards
    • Remembrance Day >
      • Colour in Poppies
      • Cut out Poppies
      • Red Paper Poppies
    • Kids Crafts and Activities >
      • Autumn Leaves Craft
      • Balancing Butterfly
      • Bookmarks for Mum
      • Butterfly with Moving Wings
      • Chicken Craft
      • Chicken Finger Puppet
      • Cowgirl Hat Colouring Craft
      • Croaking Frog Card
      • Dancing Cat
      • Decorate a flower craft
      • Donkey Mask
      • Dump Truck Card (Rectangle)
      • Dump Truck Cards (Shaped)
      • Dragonfly Craft
      • Father's Day Card "Appreciation"
      • Father's Day Medal Card
      • Fish in a Bowl Craft
      • Flapping Chicken Craft
      • Friendship Bracelets
      • Gecko Dot Paintings
      • Guitar Colouring Page
      • Heart Mother's Day Cards
      • Insect Keeper
      • Kazoo (Musical Instrument)
      • King Colouring Craft
      • Marble Powered Cars
      • Mermaid Finger Puppet
      • Mini Booklet from a piece of A4 paper
      • Moth Colouring Page
      • Moving Lion
      • Owl Finger Puppet
      • Owl Paintings
      • Owl Puppet with moving wings
      • Paper Dolls with Clothes
      • Paper Frog Races
      • Peg Butterflies
      • Princess Colouring Craft
      • Rainbow Fish
      • Rainbow Straw Crown
      • Row of Flowers
      • Rubber Band Bracelets >
        • Single Chain
        • Fishtail With Mini Loom
        • Key Ring On The Mini Loom
      • Sand Jars
      • Shell Craft
      • Snakes and Ladders Game
      • Snapping Komodo Dragon
      • Spiral Snake Craft
      • Stained Glass Window Craft
      • Steam Train Craft
      • Stretchy Accordion Dog
      • Styrofoam Tray Carving Prints
      • Swimming Fish craft
      • Teddy Bear
      • Underwater Fish Scene
      • Wind Spinner
      • Wooly Ram Craft
    • Christian Kids Crafts >
      • Jesus is My Compass
      • John 3 verse 16 Colouring Craft
      • John 3 verse 16 craft
      • Genesis 22 - Ram Craft
    • Craft Projects >
      • Beaded Bookmark
      • Cardboard Handbag - Party Favour and Gift Bag
      • Easy Hair Ties and Pins
      • Fairy Doors
      • Fairy Mailbox
      • Friendship Bracelets
      • Magnetic Close Notebook
      • Mini Booklet from a piece of A4 paper
      • Wine Bottle Cellar Tags
  • Educational
    • Clock Faces
    • Learning Multiplication Times Tables >
      • One Times Tables
      • Two Times Tables
      • Three Times Tables
      • Four Times Tables
      • Five Times Tables
      • Six Times Tables
      • Seven Times Tables
      • Eight Times Tables
      • Nine Times Tables
      • Ten Times Tables
      • Eleven Times Tables
      • Twelve Times Tables
    • Maths Aid: Hundreds Tens and Ones
    • Money Rubbings
    • Number Houses Maths Facts >
      • Four Number House
      • Five Number House
      • Six Number House
      • Seven Number House
      • Eight Number House
      • Nine Number House
      • Ten Number House
    • Number Lines
    • Number Spinners for Maths
    • Numbers that add up to 10 Flash Cards
    • Rainbow Maths Facts >
      • Four Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Five Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Six Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Seven Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Eight Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Nine Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Ten Rainbow Maths Facts
    • Ten sided Number Wheels
    • Total = Ten Game for learning numbers that add to ten
  • Photography
    • Places >
      • Australia >
        • Australian Capital Territory >
          • Old Parliament House
          • Cartier Exhibition, Canberra
          • Mount Ainslie
          • Old Bus Depot Markets
        • New South Wales >
          • Ebor Falls
          • Kosciuszko National Park >
            • Bob's Ridge and Cascade Hut
            • Kosipark Camping Grounds
            • Sawpit Creek and Waterfall
            • The Diggings, Kosciuszko National Park
            • Thredbo
          • Point Lookout, New England National Park
          • Sydney >
            • Around Sydney
            • Barrenjoey Lighthouse
            • Bondi Beach
            • Circular Quay
            • Palm Beach
            • Sydney Botanical Gardens
            • Sydney Harbour Bridge
            • Sydney Opera House
            • Sydney Tower
          • The Blue Mountains >
            • Cahill's and Boar's Head Lookout
            • Katoomba Cascades
            • Mount Tomah, Blue Mountains
            • The Hydro Majestic
            • The Three Sisters
        • Queensland >
          • Cape Tribulation
          • Daintree Rainforest
          • Hartley's Crocodile Adventures
          • Kurunda and the Skyrail Rainforest Cableway
          • Magnetic Island >
            • Picnic Bay
            • The Forts Walk
            • West Point. Magnetic Island.
            • Wild life
          • Mossman Gorge
          • Port Douglas >
            • Bird Life, Port Douglas
            • Dixon Inlet
            • Four Mile Beach, Port Douglas
            • Reef Marina Port Douglas
            • Sugar Cane Farming
          • The Atherton Tablelands >
            • Curtain Fig Tree
            • Elinjaa Falls
            • Josephine Falls
            • Malanda Falls
            • Peterson Creek Walking Track, Yungaburra
            • Millaa Millaa Falls
            • Shaylee Strawberry Farm
            • Zillie Falls
        • Victoria >
          • Avalon International Air Show
          • Coal Creek, Korumburra
          • Falls Creek >
            • Bogong High Plains Road
            • Cope Hut
            • Falls Creek Snow Season
            • Falls Creek - Warm Season
            • Wallace's Hut
          • Great Alpine Road
          • Inverloch - Eagles Nest
          • Lerderderg State Park
          • Mallacoota >
            • Abode Abode
            • Betka Beach
            • Pebbly Beach, Mallacoota
            • Top and Bottom Lake
            • Town and Waterfront
          • Melbourne City Centre
          • Melbourne Zoo
          • Mornington Peninsula >
            • Arthur's Seat State Park >
              • Arthur's Seat Eagle
              • McLarens Dam
              • OT Dam
              • Seawinds Gardens
            • Balcombe Estuary Boardwalk
            • Bittern Reservoir
            • Bushranger Bay Walk
            • Cape Schanck
            • Coolart Wetlands and Homestead
            • Devilbend Natural Features Reserve
            • Endeavour Fern Gully
            • Flinders
            • Flinders Rock Pools
            • Greens Bush
            • Hastings Jetty
            • McClelland Sculpture Park
            • Mornington >
              • Fossil Beach
              • Mills Beach
            • Mount Eliza >
              • Beaches
              • Flora and Fauna
              • Rock Fossils
              • Scenery
              • Shell Middens
              • Sunrises
              • Sunsets
            • Point Leo
            • Point Nepean
            • Royal Botanic Gardens Cranbourne
            • The Briars
            • The Pines Flora and Fauna Reserve
          • Mount Buller >
            • Craig's Hut
          • Phillip Island and Churchill Island >
            • Churchill Island Heritage Farm
            • Phillip Island Beaches
            • The Nobbies
          • Puffing Billy Railway
          • Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne
          • Shallow Inlet
          • Sovereign Hill
          • Walhalla >
            • Old Walhalla Postoffice Museum
            • Walhalla Cemetery
            • Walhalla Goldfields Railway
            • Walhalla Historic Township
            • Walhalla Old Fire Station
          • Wilsons Promontory National Park
        • Western Australia >
          • Albany
          • Araluen Botanic Park
          • Bluff Knoll
          • Margaret River Region >
            • Cape naturaliste
            • Dunsborough
            • Ngilgi Cave
          • Pemberton
          • Perth and Fremantle >
            • Fremantle Boat Harbour
            • Fremantle Prison
            • Government House Perth
            • Kings Park
            • Rainbow Sea Containers
            • Scarborough
          • Rottnest Island >
            • Bathurst Lighthouse
            • Bickley Battery Heritage Trail
            • Catherine Bay
            • Geordie Bay
            • Holy Trinity Church
            • Lomas Cottage
            • Parakeet Bay
            • Quokkas
            • Rottnest Chapel
            • Rottnest Ferry
            • Rottnest Photos
            • Salt Lakes
            • Salt Stores
            • The Basin
            • The Rottnest Quod
            • Thomson Bay
            • Wadjemup Lighthouse
            • West End
          • Waychinicup
          • Williams Bay National Park
      • Cambodia >
        • Angkor Silk Farm, Siem Reap
        • Cambodian Animals
        • Cambodian Roads
        • Siem Reap Markets
        • Temples of Siem Reap and Surrounds
        • Tonle Sap Lake
        • Motorbikes
      • China >
        • Roads
        • Farms
        • China - General
        • Hong Kong
      • India >
        • The Red Fort
        • The Streets and Roads of India
        • The Taj Mahal
      • Indonesia - Bali
      • Japan >
        • Bullet Train
        • Togakushi >
          • Lower Togakushi Shrine
          • Middle Togakushi Shrine
          • Upper Togakushi Shrine
          • Togakushi and Surrounds
      • Malaysia >
        • Mount Ophir
        • Rider's Lodge, Johor
        • Sibu Island
      • New Zealand >
        • Arrowtown
        • Coronet Peak
        • Glenorchy
        • Queenstown
        • The Remarkables
      • Singapore >
        • ArtScience Museum, Singapore
        • China Town
        • Clarke Quay
        • Gardens by the Bay
        • Helix Bridge
        • Jurong Bird Park
        • Henderson waves
        • MacRitchie Reservoir
        • Marina Bay Sands
        • Merlion
        • MICA Building
        • Pasir Ris Kids Kampong
        • Sentosa Island
        • Singapore Botanical Gardens
        • Singapore's Cityscape
        • Singapore Flyer
        • Singapore Japanese and Chinese Gardens
        • Singapore Zoo
        • Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve
        • The Dragon Kiln
        • The Esplanade
        • The Fullerton
        • The Noodle Man
      • Thailand >
        • Phuket
        • Rawa Island, Krabi
      • United Kingdom
    • Birds >
      • Bird Nests
      • Bittern
      • Brolgas
      • Chickens
      • Cormorant
      • Curlews
      • Ducks
      • Eastern Koel
      • Emus
      • Fairy Wren
      • Flamingos
      • Geese
      • Herons
      • Honeyeater
      • Ibis
      • King Fishers
      • Kites
      • Kookaburras
      • Magpies
      • Moorhen
      • Myna Birds
      • Osprey
      • Ostriches
      • Owls
      • Pacific Baza
      • Pacific Gull
      • Other Parrots
      • Peacocks
      • Pelicans
      • Penguins
      • Pigeons
      • Purple Swamphen
      • Rainbow Lorikeet
      • Seagulls
      • Shrike-Thrush
      • Spoonbill
      • Storks
      • Sunbird
      • Swallows
      • Swans
      • Treecreeper
      • Turkeys
      • Wattle Birds
      • Weaver Bird Nests
      • Willie Wagtail
      • Yellow Eastern Robin
    • Animals >
      • Antelope
      • Bats
      • Bears
      • Buffalo
      • Camels
      • Cattle
      • Deer
      • Dogs
      • Giraffes
      • Horses
      • Kangaroos and Wallabies
      • Koalas
      • Lemurs
      • Lions
      • Llamas
      • Meerkats
      • Mongoose
      • Otters
      • Platypus
      • Possums
      • Primates >
        • Orangutangs
        • Baboon
        • Cotton Top Tamarin
        • Chimpanzee
        • Gibbons
        • Monkeys
      • Quokkas
      • Rabbits
      • Rhinoceros
      • Seals
      • Sheep
      • Sloths
      • Snails
      • Squirrels
      • Tigers
      • Wombats
      • Zebras
    • Insects and Spiders >
      • Ants
      • Bees
      • Beetles
      • Butterflies
      • Caterpillars
      • Dragonflies and Damselflies
      • Exoskeletons
      • Flies
      • Froghopper
      • Grasshoppers and Locusts
      • Hover Flies
      • Millipedes
      • Moths
      • Scale Insects
      • Spiders
      • Squash Bug
    • Ocean and Water Life >
      • Anemones
      • Corals
      • Crabs
      • Fish
      • Jellyfish
      • Dolphins
      • Lugworm
      • Sea Star
    • Lichens
    • Plants - Flowers, Trees, Shrubs >
      • Acacia
      • Aloe
      • Artichoke
      • Banana Flowers
      • Banksia Flowers >
        • Banksia Marginata
      • Beetroot
      • Bell flower hyacinth orchid (Dipodium campanulatum)
      • Berries and Seed Pods
      • Blackberries
      • Blue Rottnest Island Daisy
      • Boronia
      • Bottlebrush
      • Brackens and Ferns
      • Cannonball Tree
      • Canola
      • Cacti and Succculents
      • Camellia
      • Cape Dandelion
      • Carnivorous Plants
      • Clover
      • Convolvulus
      • Creepers, Vines and Tendrils
      • Dandelions
      • Daucus Carota
      • Dog's Bane
      • Echium
      • Erigeron Daisy
      • Eucalyptus
      • Everlasting Daisy
      • Figs
      • Frangipani
      • Fruit Tree Flowers
      • Ginger
      • Grasses and Rushes
      • Iris
      • Kangaroo Paw
      • Lavender
      • Loropetalum
      • Lotus Flowers
      • Onions
      • Oranges
      • Orchids at the Singapore Botanical Gardes
      • Osteospermum
      • Other Flowers
      • Paperbarks
      • Parsley
      • Passionfruit
      • Peace Lily
      • Photinia
      • Pine Trees
      • Polygala Sweet Pea Shrub
      • Poppy Tree
      • Proteas
      • Pyrorchis Orchid
      • Ribbon Pea
      • Roses
      • Salvia
      • Shasta Daisy
      • Soursob
      • Statice
      • Strawberries
      • Swan River Daisy
      • Talibot Pine
      • Tembusu Tree
      • Thistles
      • Thorns
      • Tomatoes
      • Tree canopies, bark and leaves
      • Tulips
      • Veined Helmet Orchid
      • Water Lilies
    • Fungi >
      • Amanita muscaria
      • Amanita princeps
      • Austropaxillus infundibuliformis
      • Boletellus obscurecoccineus
      • Cortinarius acheri
      • Cortinarius austrovenetus
      • Cortinarius rotundisporus
      • Earth Stars
      • Entoloma moongum
      • Entoloma rodwayi
      • Gymnopilus allantopus
      • Hygrocybe chromolimonea
      • Hygrocybe miniata
      • Lactarius eucalypti
      • Lycoperdon pyriforme
      • Lycoperdon scabrum
      • Mycena albidofusca
      • Mycena epipterygia
      • Mycena toyerlaricola
      • Mycena viscidocruenta
      • Oudemansiella gigaspora
      • Phaeolus schweinitzii
      • Phleopus marginatus
      • Pisolithus arhizus
      • Postia lactea
      • Ramaria
      • Scleroderma cepa
      • Trametes coccinea
    • Mosses
    • Reptiles and Amphibians >
      • Amphibians
      • Basilisks
      • Bearded Dragons
      • Central Netted Dragon
      • Chameleon
      • Changable Lizard
      • Crocodiles and Alligators
      • Eastern Water Dragon
      • Geckos
      • Iguanas
      • Skinks
      • Snakes
      • Tortoises and Turtles
      • Water Monitors
    • More Photos >
      • Agfa Clack Camera
      • Aircraft
      • Airplane Contrails
      • Autumn Leaves
      • Beads
      • Birthday candles
      • Cranes
      • Dew and Water Droplets
      • Driving and Roads
      • Fire Pit
      • Food and Drink
      • Hay Bales
      • Ideal Doll Corp Kissy Doll
      • Kodak Brownie Camera
      • Lego >
        • Astro Dasher 6805
        • Castle Supply Wagon
        • Dune Buggy Trailer 60082
        • First Aid Jungle Bike
        • Lego Creator Board Game
        • Lego Elves 41171, Emily Jones & the Baby Wind Dragon
        • Minifigure Display Case
        • Olivia's Newborn Foal 41003
        • Space Police Message Decoder
        • Space Scooter 6801
        • Stephanie's Cool Convertible
        • Surfer Recue 60011
      • Litter and Rubbish
      • Morning Frost
      • Old and Vintage
      • Paper Flower
      • Rainbows
      • Ships and Boats
      • Skeletons
      • Total Lunar Eclipse
      • Toy Motor Vehicles
      • Trains
      • Vintage Bob the Builder
  • Printable Cards
    • Instructions for Printable Cards
    • Card 1
    • Card 2
    • Card 3
    • Card 4
    • Card 5
    • Card 6
    • Card 7
    • Card 8
    • Card 9
    • Card 10
    • Card 11
    • Card 12
    • Card 13
    • Card 14
    • Card 15
    • Card 16
    • Card 17
    • Card 18
    • Card 19
    • Card 20
    • Card 21
    • Card 22
  • Recipes
    • Beverages
    • Low Sugar and Low Carb Recipes
    • Gluten Free Recipes
    • Main Meals
    • Preserves and Condiments
    • SIBO Friendly Recipes
    • Snacks and Appetisers
    • Sweets and Desserts
  • Hints and Tips
    • Baking Soda, Baking Powder, SR Flour
    • Holding Baking Paper in Place
    • How to Sterilise Jars and Lids
    • Using Baking Soda at Home
    • Laundry Washing Powder
    • Plastic
  • Reviews
    • Reviews: Nourish Me Organics
  • Blog
  • Contact Us
  • Home
  • Crafts
    • Card Making and Scrapbooking >
      • Age Themed Cards
      • Beaded Flower Card
      • Beaded Hand Baby Card
      • Cowboy / Cowgirl hat Card
      • Croaking Frog Card
      • Cup Cake Card
      • Digger Card for Kids
      • Dump Truck Card for Kids
      • Fairy Card
      • Floral Mother's Day Card
      • Numbered Birthday Card
      • Geometric Punch Cards
      • Glitter Flowers for Cards and Scrapbooking
      • Hands Father's Day Card
      • Happy Birthday Card
      • Horse Silhouette Card
      • Kite Card
      • Microbead Flower Embellishments
      • Mini Booklet from a piece of A4 paper
      • Mother's Day Colouring Card
      • Pair of Jeans Card
      • Quick Kids Birthday Cards
      • Recycling Cloth Books into Cards
      • Reversed Letter and Number Templates
      • Rising Hearts Mother's Day Card
      • Scrapbooking Papers
      • Silhouette Card
      • Stamping with Bleach
      • Torn Paper Flower Card
      • Trophy Fathers Day Card
      • Vintage Book Birthday Card
      • Vintage Picture Cards Gallery
      • Welcome Baby Girl Card
      • Woven Heart Cards
      • 40th Card
      • 50th Card
      • 80th Card
    • Christmas Crafts and Cards >
      • Ideas
      • Beaded Christmas Stars
      • Christmas Advent Calendar
      • Christmas cards with laser-cut embellishments
      • Christmas Tree Cards from Layered Paper
      • Embossed Christmas card
      • Gingerbread House
      • Holly Merry Christmas Cards
      • Joy of Christmas Card
      • Layered Christmas Scrapbooking Paper
      • Material Panel Christmas Cards
      • Ribbon Christmas Tree Ornaments
      • Ribbon Christmas Tree Ornament Packaging
      • Snowman Craft
      • UTEE on Christmas Cards
    • Easter Crafts >
      • Chalkboard Eggs
      • Decorated Foam Eggs
      • Doodle Eggs
      • Dying Eggs for Easter
      • Easy Chocolate Easter Eggs
      • Easter Basket Craft
      • Easter Bunny Surprise
      • Foil Easter Egg Craft
      • Glitter Eggs
    • Father's Day Crafts >
      • Father's Day Card "Appreciation"
      • Father's Day Medal Card
      • Hands Father's Day Card
      • Kite Card
      • Trophy Fathers Day Card
    • Mother's Day Crafts >
      • Bookmarks for Mum
      • Colouring Bookmarks for Mum
      • Dandelion Mother's Day Card
      • Floral Mother's Day Card
      • Heart Mother's Day Cards
      • Mother's Day Colouring Card
      • On Mother's Day with Love
      • Rising Hearts Mother's Day Card
      • Woven Heart Cards
    • Remembrance Day >
      • Colour in Poppies
      • Cut out Poppies
      • Red Paper Poppies
    • Kids Crafts and Activities >
      • Autumn Leaves Craft
      • Balancing Butterfly
      • Bookmarks for Mum
      • Butterfly with Moving Wings
      • Chicken Craft
      • Chicken Finger Puppet
      • Cowgirl Hat Colouring Craft
      • Croaking Frog Card
      • Dancing Cat
      • Decorate a flower craft
      • Donkey Mask
      • Dump Truck Card (Rectangle)
      • Dump Truck Cards (Shaped)
      • Dragonfly Craft
      • Father's Day Card "Appreciation"
      • Father's Day Medal Card
      • Fish in a Bowl Craft
      • Flapping Chicken Craft
      • Friendship Bracelets
      • Gecko Dot Paintings
      • Guitar Colouring Page
      • Heart Mother's Day Cards
      • Insect Keeper
      • Kazoo (Musical Instrument)
      • King Colouring Craft
      • Marble Powered Cars
      • Mermaid Finger Puppet
      • Mini Booklet from a piece of A4 paper
      • Moth Colouring Page
      • Moving Lion
      • Owl Finger Puppet
      • Owl Paintings
      • Owl Puppet with moving wings
      • Paper Dolls with Clothes
      • Paper Frog Races
      • Peg Butterflies
      • Princess Colouring Craft
      • Rainbow Fish
      • Rainbow Straw Crown
      • Row of Flowers
      • Rubber Band Bracelets >
        • Single Chain
        • Fishtail With Mini Loom
        • Key Ring On The Mini Loom
      • Sand Jars
      • Shell Craft
      • Snakes and Ladders Game
      • Snapping Komodo Dragon
      • Spiral Snake Craft
      • Stained Glass Window Craft
      • Steam Train Craft
      • Stretchy Accordion Dog
      • Styrofoam Tray Carving Prints
      • Swimming Fish craft
      • Teddy Bear
      • Underwater Fish Scene
      • Wind Spinner
      • Wooly Ram Craft
    • Christian Kids Crafts >
      • Jesus is My Compass
      • John 3 verse 16 Colouring Craft
      • John 3 verse 16 craft
      • Genesis 22 - Ram Craft
    • Craft Projects >
      • Beaded Bookmark
      • Cardboard Handbag - Party Favour and Gift Bag
      • Easy Hair Ties and Pins
      • Fairy Doors
      • Fairy Mailbox
      • Friendship Bracelets
      • Magnetic Close Notebook
      • Mini Booklet from a piece of A4 paper
      • Wine Bottle Cellar Tags
  • Educational
    • Clock Faces
    • Learning Multiplication Times Tables >
      • One Times Tables
      • Two Times Tables
      • Three Times Tables
      • Four Times Tables
      • Five Times Tables
      • Six Times Tables
      • Seven Times Tables
      • Eight Times Tables
      • Nine Times Tables
      • Ten Times Tables
      • Eleven Times Tables
      • Twelve Times Tables
    • Maths Aid: Hundreds Tens and Ones
    • Money Rubbings
    • Number Houses Maths Facts >
      • Four Number House
      • Five Number House
      • Six Number House
      • Seven Number House
      • Eight Number House
      • Nine Number House
      • Ten Number House
    • Number Lines
    • Number Spinners for Maths
    • Numbers that add up to 10 Flash Cards
    • Rainbow Maths Facts >
      • Four Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Five Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Six Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Seven Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Eight Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Nine Rainbow Maths Facts
      • Ten Rainbow Maths Facts
    • Ten sided Number Wheels
    • Total = Ten Game for learning numbers that add to ten
  • Photography
    • Places >
      • Australia >
        • Australian Capital Territory >
          • Old Parliament House
          • Cartier Exhibition, Canberra
          • Mount Ainslie
          • Old Bus Depot Markets
        • New South Wales >
          • Ebor Falls
          • Kosciuszko National Park >
            • Bob's Ridge and Cascade Hut
            • Kosipark Camping Grounds
            • Sawpit Creek and Waterfall
            • The Diggings, Kosciuszko National Park
            • Thredbo
          • Point Lookout, New England National Park
          • Sydney >
            • Around Sydney
            • Barrenjoey Lighthouse
            • Bondi Beach
            • Circular Quay
            • Palm Beach
            • Sydney Botanical Gardens
            • Sydney Harbour Bridge
            • Sydney Opera House
            • Sydney Tower
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Lichens

macro / close up photo of lichen growing in Australia. Fruticose form lichen.
Lichens are interesting organisms that are actually a symbiosis between different organisms - a mycobiont (which is a fungus) and the photobiont (which is one or more of either a green alga or a cyanobacterium). The fungi provides the structure and the algae/cyanobacteria the green  ‘chlorophyll’ part.  Lichens are photosynthetic due to the photosynthetic properties of the algae or cyanobacteria that they contain.
Lichens are 
are classified by the fungal partner in this symbiotic relationship. 

The fungus partner in this symbiosis (the mycobiont) protects the alga/cyanobacterium (photobiont) in a tissue known as the thallus, it anchors it to a substrate, and it absorbs water and nutrients.   
The non-fungal partner in this symbiosis (the photobiont - either alga or cyanobacterium) is able to manufacture carbohydrates through photosynthesis. The fungus meets its need for carbohydrates by ‘harvesting’ it from the algae.

 This symbiotic relationship allows lichens to thrive in inhospitable environments, such as directly on rock.


There are now about 20,000 species of lichens. In Australia there are 3,500 known species of lichenised fungi spanning all habitats, including the arid interior.

Identification of lichens may be difficult, and can require fruiting bodies that are not always present.
Colours range from grey to orange, and they occur on many different substrates including dead branches, rotting logs, on the soil and on rocks.

[Definition of Substrate (in biology): the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached]

Lichens help to provide soil surface protection against erosion in dry habitats.
​

Lichens form fascinating shapes and structures and a number of broad groups/forms are recognised:
1. Foliose 

Foliose lichens have leafy, lobed growth forms.
They are a sandwich consisting of fungal layer with an algal mat in the middle, folded with distinct edges that are not adhered to the substrate. They have circular, flat sheets of tissue, often leaf-like in shape
They have small rootlets called rhizines for attachment to the substrate.
2. Fruticose 

Fructiose lichens are markedly three dimensional and are attached to the substrate  by an anchor at their base. The rest of the body is free and either erect or pendulous, and slow growing.
The fungal layer is on the outside, and the algal layer within.
They are beard-like or tangled. 
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia
Fruticose lichen growing in Victoria, Australia
3. Crustose 
Crustose lichens are crust-like and tightly attached over their entire underside to the substrate.
In some crustose lichens the body of the lichen is immersed within the substrate.

​Crustose lichens have three main structures:
  1. Thallus – body of the lichen where photosynthesis and growth take place, always fused to the substrate.
  2. Margin – the edge of the lichen where the fungus grows ahead of the photosymbiont, often a different colour, unlobed and flatter than the thallus
  3. Apothecia – reproductive structures where spores are formed and disseminated, typically cup or wart shaped, and a different colour from the thallus
4. Squamulose
Squamulose lichens look like thin flakes or crumbs scattered over the surface
References:

https://www.anbg.gov.au/lichen/what-is-lichen.html

https://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Science/Our-work-discoveries/Natural-Areas-Management/Ecology-of-Cumberland-Plain-Woodland/Plant-species-in-the-woodland/Lichens​

https://fungimap.org.au/about-fungi/lichens/​

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate​

Lichen, Pixie Cups, Victoria, Australia. Macro, close-up, close up, free, photographs, photos
Lichen, Pixie Cups, Victoria, Australia
Lichen, Pixie Cups, Victoria, Australia. Macro, close-up, close up, free, photographs, photos
Lichen, Pixie Cups, Victoria, Australia
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia. Green branches with black tips.
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia
Lichen growing on a tree trunk. The Blue Mountains, Australia.
Lichen growing on a tree trunk. The Blue Mountains, Australia.
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia
Lichen's growing in Victoria, Australia
Lichen growing on a tree trunk. The Blue Mountains, Australia.
Fruticose lichen growing on a tree trunk in The Blue Mountains, Australia.
macro / close up photo of lichen growing in Australia. Fruticose form lichen.
macro / close up photo of lichen growing in Australia. Fruticose form lichen.
macro / close up photo of lichen growing in Australia. Fruticose form lichen.
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